The proclamation led to war, with France and Spain on one side and the Grand Alliance on the other to maintain the separation of the Spanish and French thrones. Having accepted, Philip was proclaimed king of an undivided Spanish Empire on 16 November 1700. Instead, Charles named Philip of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV, as his heir if he refused, the alternative was Archduke Charles, younger son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles's closest heirs were members of the Austrian Habsburgs or French Bourbons acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either threatened the European balance of power.Īttempts by Louis XIV of France and William III of England to partition the empire in 16 were rejected by the Spanish. Related conflicts include the 1700–1721 Great Northern War, Rákóczi's War of Independence in Hungary, the Camisards revolt in southern France, Queen Anne's War in North America and minor struggles in colonial India.Īlthough weakened by over a century of continuous conflict, in 1700 the Spanish Empire remained a global power with its vast dominions including the Spanish Netherlands, large parts of Italy, the Philippines, and much of the Americas. It established the principle that dynastic rights were secondary to maintaining the balance of power between different countries.
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a conflict involving many of the leading European powers that was triggered by the death in November 1700 of the childless Charles II of Spain. Total deaths in combat (both sides): 400,000
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